Everything is Assessment
Assessments are a fundamental component of education, providing educators with a means to measure student learning and progress, identify areas of strength and weakness, and tailor instruction to meet the needs of individual learners. While assessments can take many different forms—including classroom quizzes and project-based assignments—they all serve a common purpose: to provide insight into how much students know and understand, and to guide instruction and support. But did you know that everything is an assessment: class assignments, collaborative practice, class discussions, homework, extended writing assignments, and more.
Everything is an Assessment
Every action or task can be assessed: In this interpretation, "everything" refers to specific actions or tasks that can be evaluated for their effectiveness or quality. For example, a teacher may assess a student’s analysis through creative expression with teacher and peer rubric-based feedback. Assessments are tools for evaluating performance and providing feedback.
Every experience or situation can be assessed: In this interpretation, "everything" refers to the broader context in which actions or tasks take place. For example, a student's experience in a particular classroom might be assessed for its overall effectiveness. Assessments are tools for understanding the bigger picture and identifying areas for improvement.
Every measurement or data point is an assessment: In this interpretation, "everything" refers to the fact that any measurement or data point can be used to make an assessment of some kind. For example, a student satisfaction survey might be used to assess a student's need or the quality of pedagogical content. Assessments are tools for gathering and analyzing data to make informed decisions.
As we come to understand that everything is an assessment, we must also keep in mind that assessments are tools that we create to evaluate our students’ holistic learning, growth, and development.
Benefits of Assessment
Assessments can help us identify areas of strength and weakness among our students. By administering assessments regularly, we can gain a more complete understanding of each student's knowledge, skills, and abilities, and identify any areas where additional support may be needed. This information can be used to design individualized learning plans that target specific areas of weakness and build on existing strengths, helping students to achieve greater success in their academic pursuits.
In addition to providing insight into student learning, assessments can also guide instruction and support. By analyzing assessment results, educators can identify common misconceptions or gaps in understanding among their students and adjust their instruction accordingly. They can also use assessments to monitor student progress over time, and to track the effectiveness of specific instructional strategies or interventions. This information can be invaluable in making decisions about how to best support student learning and success.
Assessments can also serve as an important tool for communication and collaboration between educators, students, and families. By sharing assessment results and progress updates with students and their families, educators can provide important feedback on how each student is progressing, and what steps can be taken to support their continued growth and success. This can help to foster a stronger sense of partnership and engagement among all stakeholders in the educational process and can support greater student achievement and well-being.
Challenges & Possible Solutions
Despite their many benefits, assessments can also pose some challenges and limitations. For example, some assessments may not be designed to measure all aspects of student learning or may be biased against certain groups of students. Additionally, assessments may place undue stress on students, particularly if they are high-stakes or do not align with students' individual interests and strengths. It is important for educators to be mindful of these challenges, and to work to design and implement assessments that are fair, valid, and effective in measuring student learning.
One solution to these challenges, with many caveats, is to diversify assessments.
Change your thinking about formative assessments. Formative assessments can be anything the student does to demonstrate their thinking. This can include journals, prompting discussions with questioning techniques, graphic organizers, learning logs, debates, and even observing students while they are working.
Eliminate barriers and ensure equity. Students should have multiple opportunities in multiple ways to demonstrate their understanding and capacity of skills, standards, and benchmarks. Eliminating barriers and ensuring equity also requires that students receive some form of feedback regarding their assessment with the possibility of revising, editing, or redoing the assessment. I would also suggest that students engage in self-reflection as well so they can engage in practices that would allow them to advocate for their own learning and expectations of education.
Use technology. Technology is assistive for both the student and the teacher. Technology can read information to students, provide language support, assist in developing and modifying rubrics, assist in providing timely feedback, allow for the incorporation of creative aspects in learning. Even with the development of AI writing tools, students will need to learn how to use them and incorporate synthesis and their own analysis within the writing task.
Encourage collaboration. Teamwork and collaboration are necessary for students to share their knowledge, gain knowledge, increase communication skills, engage in problem solving, and enhance critical thinking. Allow students to engage in collaborative assessment in which you determine the groups or students decide on their own who they would like to work with. To assist in collaboration, create roles for students to employ when they are working in teams.
ABC List of Assessments
Consider once again that everything we ask our students to do is an assessment. The ABC list below is a graphic organizer that can be used. As students learn about and engage with a topic, they add to the list. The word or phrase they add to the list must begin with the corresponding letter. I have an example below that lists various assessments that can be used within the classroom.
A: Anticipation Guide
B: Book Cover
C: Commercial
D: Data Chats
E: e-Card
F: Flipbook
G: Gallery Walk
H: Histogram
I: Interview
J: Jigsaw
K: Kahoot
L: Learning Log
M: Mural
N: Numbered Heads
O: One Pager
P: Poll Questions
Q: Quickwrites
R: Response Card
S: Story Map
T: Talk Tokens
U: Unique Learning Opportunities
V: Venn Diagram
W: Whip Around or Pass
X: X Marks the Spot
Y: Y-Chart
Z: Zone of Proximal Development
Assessments are a critical component of education, providing educators with important insights into student learning, and supporting the design of individualized instruction and support. Assessments are an essential component of the learning process. With the ability to measure students’ knowledge, skills, and abilities as well as the effectiveness of teaching methods, assessments are everything. And everything is an assessment. Formative assessments, those used throughout the learning process, should be embedded consistently in our lessons to help both the teacher and student track progress towards learning goals.
Carissa McCray, PhD is a mother-scholar who engages in practices that promote equity in education for all students. In addition to teaching in K12, she has presented nationally and internationally, mentored teachers, and has several publications which include her most recent book Equitable Instruction, Empowered Students. You can follow her at @booked_wellread on Twitter. You can also check out Michelle Cottrell-Williams interview with Dr. McCray on the importance of an equitable education for everyone.